order
                        
                      
                                    Coleoptera
                                       “Adult Beetles”
                                  
                                    Coleoptera
                                       “Larval Beetles”
                                  
                                    Diptera
                                       “True Flies”
                                  
                                    Ephemeroptera
                                       “Mayflies”
                                  
                                    Hemiptera
                                       “True Bugs”
                                  
                                    Lepidoptera
                                       “Aquatic Caterpillars, Snout Moths”
                                  
                                    Megaloptera
                                       “Alderflies, Dobsonflies, and Fishflies”
                                  
                                    Odonata
                                       “Dragonflies and Damselflies”
                                  
                                    Plecoptera
                                       “Stoneflies”
                                  
                                    Trichoptera
                                       “Caddisflies”
                                 family
                        
                     Gomphidae
               
            genus
                        
                     Lanthus
            
                  “Clubtails”
               
      Genus Overview
                  
               
                        Lanthus includes only 2 North American species. Larvae live in sandy or silty pools of rocky spring-fed brooks, burrowing shallowly to wait for prey to wander near and be snatched by the retractile labium. When removed from the water, they feign death for several minutes and are apt to be missed by the careless investigator.
                  
               Characteristics
                  
               POLLUTION TOLERANCE
                        Southeast: 4.9
                                 Mid-Atlantic: 5
                              0 = least tolerant, 10 = most tolerant
                        FEEDING HABITS
                        
                                 Engulfer / Predator
                        
                     MOVEMENT
                        
                                 Burrower
                        
                     DISTRIBUTION
                        
                                 Widespread (east of the Rocky Mtns.)
                        
                     HABITAT
                        
                                 Lotic-depositional
Lotic-erosional
                        
                     Lotic-erosional
Diagnostic Characters
               order
                         
                                       
                                       
                                    Abdomen with 5 Sharp Stiff Points or 3 Gills
                                  
                                       
                                       
                                    Labial Mask
                                  
                                       
                                       
                                    Two Pairs of Wing Pads
                                 family
                         
                                       
                                       
                                    4-Segmented Antennae
                                  
                                       
                                       
                                    Flat Mask
                                 
                  + Expanded Character List
                  
                     
               
            
                        Order:
                           Nymph with mask-like labium below chewing mouthparts. Wings developing in wing pads. Segmented legs present, each with two claws. 
                     
                     
                        Family:
                           Suborder Anisoptera (i.e., Dragonflies: stout body shape, head more narrow than thorax and abdomen, end of abdomen with 5 short pointed projections, external gills absent). Labial mask flattened, without hair on palm of inside of mask (premental setae) or usually without setae along margins of palpal lobes at end of mask. Ligula (distal margin of labial mask) without median cleft. Antennae each 4-segmented, although 4th segment usually small. Fore- and middle tarsi each 2 segmented. Mature larvae 23–40 mm long, rarely to 65 mm.
                     
                     
                        Genus:
                           Palpal lobes (distal end of labial mask) rounded, without apical hooks and usually bearing only microscopic teeth on inner margins. Large antennal segment 3 nearly oval, inner margin convex, about 2/3 as wide as long, widest in proximal half. Antennal segment 4 small, rounded, knob-like, much less that 1/4 as long as segment 3. Middle legs not closer together at base than forelegs. Fore- and middle legs usually with at least vestigial burrowing hooks on tibiae. Wing pads parallel along midline. Abdomen much longer than broad, not flat (as in Hagenius). Middorsal hooks/knobs absent from abdominal segments. Abdominal segment 7 without lateral spines, segments 8 and 9 with very short lateral spines. Distal margin of prementum usually with 4 denticles; sides of prementum parallel toward base. Abdominal segment 9 with long, slender, claw-like lateral spines. Abdominal segment 10 much less than twice as long as any preceding segment.
                     
                   
                   
            Dorsal
               Ventral
               


