order
                        
                      
                                    Coleoptera
                                       “Adult Beetles”
                                  
                                    Coleoptera
                                       “Larval Beetles”
                                  
                                    Diptera
                                       “True Flies”
                                  
                                    Ephemeroptera
                                       “Mayflies”
                                  
                                    Hemiptera
                                       “True Bugs”
                                  
                                    Lepidoptera
                                       “Aquatic Caterpillars, Snout Moths”
                                  
                                    Megaloptera
                                       “Alderflies, Dobsonflies, and Fishflies”
                                  
                                    Odonata
                                       “Dragonflies and Damselflies”
                                  
                                    Plecoptera
                                       “Stoneflies”
                                  
                                    Trichoptera
                                       “Caddisflies”
                                 family
                        
                     Apataniidae
               
            genus
                     Apatania
            
                  “Mountain Casemaker Caddisflies”
               
      Genus Overview
                  
               
                        14 species in North America.  Primarily found in cool, running, montane waters. Usually in springs or headwaters.  One European species has been found to produce a secretion that can paralyse insect predators like Rhyacophila larvae.  
                  
               Characteristics
                  
               POLLUTION TOLERANCE
                        Southeast: 0.6
                              0 = least tolerant, 10 = most tolerant
                        FEEDING HABITS
                        
                                 Collector / Gatherer
Scraper / Grazer
                        
                     Scraper / Grazer
MOVEMENT
                        
                                 Climber
Clinger
Sprawler
                        
                     Clinger
Sprawler
DISTRIBUTION
                        
                                 Widespread (east of the Rocky Mtns.)
                        
                     HABITAT
                        
                                 Lentic-littoral
Lotic-erosional
                        
                     Lotic-erosional
Diagnostic Characters
               order
                         
                                       
                                       
                                    Prolegs With Single Hook
                                 family
                         
                                       
                                       
                                    Mesonotum sclerotized
                                  
                                       
                                       
                                    Metanotum mostly membranous
                                  
                                       
                                       
                                    Setose metanotum
                                  
                                       
                                       
                                    Smooth mandibular margins
                                  
                                       
                                       
                                    Antenna Midway Between Eye and Mandible
                                  
                                       
                                       
                                    Hooded sand case
                                 
                  + Expanded Character List
                  
                     
               
            
                        Order:
                           Larvae: Wings/wing pads absent. Eye spots present, but compound eyes absent. Antennae usually small, inconspicuous. Three pairs of segmented legs present on thorax. Pair of anal prolegs, each with single hook, located on last abdominal segment. Larvae can be free-living, in silken retreats attached to substrate, or in usually-portable tubes or cases made of sand, rocks, or plant material.
                     
                     
                        Family:
                           The larva lives in a papoose-shaped case of fine sand grains on tops of rocks; its tiny antennae are halfway between the eyes and the mouthparts; the mandibles lack teeth; the tops of the first two thoracic segments are covered by sclerites; the top of the third thoracic segment (metanotum) is hairy and usually lacks sclerites near the midline; anal prolegs are mostly fused with the end of the abdomen except their apical hooks.
                     
                     
                        Genus:
                           metanotal sa1 sclerites lacking, setae on sa1 more linear across mid-dorsal line
                     
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
            Dorsal
               Lateral
               Ventral
               Case
               Case
               


