order
                        
                      
                                    Coleoptera
                                       “Adult Beetles”
                                  
                                    Coleoptera
                                       “Larval Beetles”
                                  
                                    Diptera
                                       “True Flies”
                                  
                                    Ephemeroptera
                                       “Mayflies”
                                  
                                    Hemiptera
                                       “True Bugs”
                                  
                                    Lepidoptera
                                       “Aquatic Caterpillars, Snout Moths”
                                  
                                    Megaloptera
                                       “Alderflies, Dobsonflies, and Fishflies”
                                  
                                    Odonata
                                       “Dragonflies and Damselflies”
                                  
                                    Plecoptera
                                       “Stoneflies”
                                  
                                    Trichoptera
                                       “Caddisflies”
                                 family
                        
                     Ephemerellidae
               
            Drunella
            
                  “Spiny Crawler Mayflies”
               
      Genus Overview
                  
               
                        12 species in North America. The genus is fairly easy to recognize by the enlarged femur with serrations. Known to be found in small streams to large rivers among the gravel behind large boulders or on course organic matter.  Species within the genus vary by the frontoclypeal projections, hairyiness, and with or without paired tubercles. 
                  
               Characteristics
                  
               POLLUTION TOLERANCE
                        Southeast: 0.1 and higher
                              0 = least tolerant, 10 = most tolerant
                        FEEDING HABITS
                        
                                 Collector / Gatherer
Engulfer / Predator
Scraper / Grazer
                        
                     Engulfer / Predator
Scraper / Grazer
MOVEMENT
                        
                                 Clinger
Sprawler
                        
                     Sprawler
DISTRIBUTION
                        
                                 Widespread (east of the Rocky Mtns.)
                        
                     HABITAT
                        
                                 Lotic-erosional
                        
                     Diagnostic Characters
               order
                         
                                       
                                       
                                    Abdominal Gills
                                  
                                       
                                       
                                    Single Tarsal Claw
                                  
                                       
                                       
                                    Usually 3 Tails
                                 family
                         
                                       
                                       
                                    Segment 2 Without Gills
                                 genus
                         
                                       
                                       
                                    Forefemur
                                 
                  + Expanded Character List
                  
                     
               
            
                        Order:
                           Wings developing in wing pads. Mouthparts suitable for chewing. Gills present on tops and sides of abdomen. Segmented legs present. One tarsal claw per leg. Usually with 3 tails (sometimes 2).
                     
                     
                        Family:
                           Gills on abdominal segment 1 rudimentary or absent. Abdominal segment 2 without gills. Gills on abdominal segments 3 (if present) and 4–7 have two layers: a top layer that is oval and plate-like and a bottom layer that is multi-lobed; in preserved specimens these gills lying in paired dorsal depressions and camouflaged, not readily seen by novices. Abdominal terga often with paired tubercles. Mature larvae 5–15 mm long, not including tails.
                     
                     
                        Genus:
                           Large expanded profemur with serrations, gills start at abdominal segment 3,
                     
                   
                   
            Dorsal
               Ventral
               


